Convert WriteToSnoMask/WriteGlobalSno to use fmtlib format strings.

70 files changed, 303 insertions, 299 deletions

diff --git a/include/snomasks.h b/include/snomasks.h
index db8dbf59e..c9f8feb3f 100644
--- a/include/snomasks.h
+++ b/include/snomasks.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public:
 	template <typename... Args>
 	void WriteToSnoMask(char letter, const char* text, Args&&... args)
 	{
-		WriteToSnoMask(letter, fmt::sprintf(text, std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		WriteToSnoMask(letter, fmt::format(text, std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 	}
 
 	/** Write to all users with a given snomask (sent globally)
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public:
 	template <typename... Args>
 	void WriteGlobalSno(char letter, const char* text, Args&&... args)
 	{
-		WriteGlobalSno(letter, fmt::sprintf(text, std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+		WriteGlobalSno(letter, fmt::format(text, std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 	}
 
 	/** Called once per 5 seconds from the mainloop, this flushes any cached
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_loadmodule.cpp b/src/coremods/core_loadmodule.cpp
index 2ddec3dd0..2e5da5915 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_loadmodule.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_loadmodule.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ CmdResult CommandLoadmodule::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 {
 	if (ServerInstance->Modules.Load(parameters[0]))
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "NEW MODULE: %s loaded %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "NEW MODULE: {} loaded {}", user->nick, parameters[0]);
 		user->WriteNumeric(RPL_LOADEDMODULE, parameters[0], "Module successfully loaded.");
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 	}
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ CmdResult CommandUnloadmodule::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 
 	if (m && ServerInstance->Modules.Unload(m))
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "MODULE UNLOADED: %s unloaded %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "MODULE UNLOADED: {} unloaded {}", user->nick, parameters[0]);
 		user->WriteNumeric(RPL_UNLOADEDMODULE, parameters[0], "Module successfully unloaded.");
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_die.cpp b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_die.cpp
index d1ab8c1c0..dbc4d2034 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_die.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_die.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ CmdResult CommandDie::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 	else
 	{
 		ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "Failed /DIE command from %s", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Failed DIE command from %s.", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Failed DIE command from {}.", user->GetFullRealHost());
 		return CmdResult::FAILURE;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_kill.cpp b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_kill.cpp
index cd9dee907..04d416c06 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_kill.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_kill.cpp
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ CmdResult CommandKill::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 	if ((!hideservicekills) || (!user->server->IsService()))
 	{
 		if (IS_LOCAL(user) && IS_LOCAL(target))
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('k', "Local kill by %s: %s (%s)", user->nick.c_str(), target->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), parameters[1].c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('k', "Local kill by {}: {} ({})", user->nick, target->GetFullRealHost(), parameters[1]);
 		else
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('K', "Remote kill by %s: %s (%s)", user->nick.c_str(), target->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), parameters[1].c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('K', "Remote kill by {}: {} ({})", user->nick, target->GetFullRealHost(), parameters[1]);
 	}
 
 	if (IS_LOCAL(target))
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_oper.cpp b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_oper.cpp
index 10e098019..6cfe14ccd 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_oper.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_oper.cpp
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ CmdResult CommandOper::HandleLocal(LocalUser* user, const Params& parameters)
 	auto it = ServerInstance->Config->OperAccounts.find(parameters[0]);
 	if (it == ServerInstance->Config->OperAccounts.end())
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "%s (%s) [%s] failed to log into the \x02%s\x02 oper account because no account with that name exists.",
-			user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), parameters[0].c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "{} ({}) [{}] failed to log into the \x02{}\x02 oper account because no account with that name exists.",
+			user->nick, user->MakeHost(), user->GetIPString(), parameters[0]);
 		return FailedOper(user, parameters[0]);
 	}
 
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ CmdResult CommandOper::HandleLocal(LocalUser* user, const Params& parameters)
 	auto account = it->second;
 	if (!account->CheckPassword(parameters[1]))
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "%s (%s) [%s] failed to log into the \x02%s\x02 oper account because they specified the wrong password.",
-			user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), parameters[0].c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "{} ({}) [{}] failed to log into the \x02{}\x02 oper account because they specified the wrong password.",
+			user->nick, user->MakeHost(), user->GetIPString(), parameters[0]);
 		return FailedOper(user, parameters[0]);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_rehash.cpp b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_rehash.cpp
index 7809f968f..b90e3cd48 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_rehash.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_rehash.cpp
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ CmdResult CommandRehash::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 	{
 		const std::string configfile = std::filesystem::path(ServerInstance->ConfigFileName).filename().string();
 		user->WriteRemoteNumeric(RPL_REHASHING, configfile, "Rehashing " + ServerInstance->Config->ServerName);
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('r', "%s is rehashing %s on %s", user->nick.c_str(),
-			configfile.c_str(), ServerInstance->Config->ServerName.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('r', "{} is rehashing {} on {}", user->nick,
+			configfile, ServerInstance->Config->ServerName);
 
 		/* Don't do anything with the logs here -- logs are restarted
 		 * after the config thread has completed.
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_restart.cpp b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_restart.cpp
index 72bcd1620..3ae3a8e2e 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_restart.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_oper/cmd_restart.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ CmdResult CommandRestart::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 	ServerInstance->Logs.Normal(MODNAME, "Restart: %s", user->nick.c_str());
 	if (irc::equals(parameters[0], ServerInstance->Config->ServerName))
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "RESTART command from %s, restarting server.", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "RESTART command from {}, restarting server.", user->GetFullRealHost());
 
 		DieRestart::SendError("Server restarting.");
 
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ CmdResult CommandRestart::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 #endif
 
 		execvp(ServerInstance->Config->cmdline.argv[0], ServerInstance->Config->cmdline.argv);
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Failed RESTART - could not execute '%s' (%s)",
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Failed RESTART - could not execute '{}' ({})",
 			ServerInstance->Config->cmdline.argv[0], strerror(errno));
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Failed RESTART Command from %s.", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Failed RESTART Command from {}.", user->GetFullRealHost());
 	}
 	return CmdResult::FAILURE;
 }
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_oper/core_oper.cpp b/src/coremods/core_oper/core_oper.cpp
index 1a8d40925..17a32bd4c 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_oper/core_oper.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_oper/core_oper.cpp
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ public:
 
 		if (!automatic)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "%s (%s) [%s] failed to log into the \x02%s\x02 oper account because they are connecting from the wrong user@host.",
-				user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), oper->GetName().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "{} ({}) [{}] failed to log into the \x02{}\x02 oper account because they are connecting from the wrong user@host.",
+				user->nick, user->MakeHost(), user->GetIPString(), oper->GetName());
 		}
 		return MOD_RES_DENY; // Host does not match.
 	}
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ public:
 		luser->WriteNumeric(RPL_YOUAREOPER, INSP_FORMAT("You are now {} {}", strchr("AEIOUaeiou", user->oper->GetType()[0]) ? "an" : "a",
 			user->oper->GetType()));
 
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('o', "%s (%s) [%s] is now a server operator of type \x02%s\x02 (%susing account \x02%s\x02).",
-			user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), user->oper->GetType().c_str(),
-			automatic ? "automatically " : "", user->oper->GetName().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('o', "{} ({}) [{}] is now a server operator of type \x02{}\x02 ({}using account \x02{}\x02).",
+			user->nick, user->MakeHost(), user->GetIPString(), user->oper->GetType(),
+			automatic ? "automatically " : "", user->oper->GetName());
 
 		const std::string vhost = luser->oper->GetConfig()->getString("vhost");
 		if (!vhost.empty())
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_oper/umode_o.cpp b/src/coremods/core_oper/umode_o.cpp
index f0373e7b0..c2810479f 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_oper/umode_o.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_oper/umode_o.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ bool ModeUserOperator::OnModeChange(User* source, User* dest, Channel*, Modes::C
 	 * to your User!
 	 */
 	char snomask = IS_LOCAL(dest) ? 'o' : 'O';
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(snomask, "User %s de-opered (by %s)", dest->nick.c_str(), source->nick.c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(snomask, "User {} de-opered (by {})", dest->nick, source->nick);
 	dest->OperLogout();
 
 	return true;
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_reloadmodule.cpp b/src/coremods/core_reloadmodule.cpp
index 8ebabc7be..61f094c8d 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_reloadmodule.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_reloadmodule.cpp
@@ -698,12 +698,12 @@ public:
 		{
 			Module* newmod = ServerInstance->Modules.Find(name);
 			datakeeper.Restore(newmod);
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "The %s module was reloaded.", passedname.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "The {} module was reloaded.", passedname);
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			datakeeper.Fail();
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Failed to reload the %s module.", passedname.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Failed to reload the {} module.", passedname);
 		}
 
 		auto* user = ServerInstance->Users.FindUUID(uuid);
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_stats.cpp b/src/coremods/core_stats.cpp
index db86ab542..4b732d7b1 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_stats.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_stats.cpp
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ void CommandStats::DoStats(Stats::Context& stats)
 	if (!isPublic && !isRemoteOper && !isLocalOperWithPrivs)
 	{
 		const char* what = IS_LOCAL(user) ? "Stats" : "Remote stats";
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('t', "%s '%c' denied for %s (%s)", what, statschar, user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('t', "{} '{}' denied for {} ({})", what, statschar, user->nick, user->MakeHost());
 		stats.AddRow(481, (std::string("Permission Denied - STATS ") + statschar + " requires the servers/auspex priv."));
 		return;
 	}
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ void CommandStats::DoStats(Stats::Context& stats)
 	if (res == MOD_RES_DENY)
 	{
 		const char* what = IS_LOCAL(user) ? "Stats" : "Remote stats";
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('t', "%s '%c' denied for %s (%s)", what, statschar, user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('t', "{} '{}' denied for {} ({})", what, statschar, user->nick, user->MakeHost());
 		stats.AddRow(219, statschar, "End of /STATS report");
 		return;
 	}
@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@ void CommandStats::DoStats(Stats::Context& stats)
 	}
 
 	stats.AddRow(219, statschar, "End of /STATS report");
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('t',"%s '%c' requested by %s (%s@%s)",
-		(IS_LOCAL(user) ? "Stats" : "Remote stats"), statschar, user->nick.c_str(), user->ident.c_str(), user->GetRealHost().c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('t', "{} '{}' requested by {} ({}@{})", (IS_LOCAL(user) ? "Stats" : "Remote stats"),
+		statschar, user->nick, user->ident, user->GetRealHost());
 }
 
 CmdResult CommandStats::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_user/core_user.cpp b/src/coremods/core_user/core_user.cpp
index 2f4203f3c..9c9a6613d 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_user/core_user.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_user/core_user.cpp
@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ public:
 				ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, "No more local connections allowed from your host via this connect class.");
 				if (klass->maxconnwarn)
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "WARNING: maximum local connections for the %s class (%ld) exceeded by %s",
-						klass->GetName().c_str(), klass->maxlocal, user->GetIPString().c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "WARNING: maximum local connections for the {} class ({}) exceeded by {}",
+						klass->GetName(), klass->maxlocal, user->GetIPString());
 				}
 				return;
 			}
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ public:
 				ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, "No more global connections allowed from your host via this connect class.");
 				if (klass->maxconnwarn)
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "WARNING: maximum global connections for the %s class (%ld) exceeded by %s",
-						klass->name.c_str(), klass->maxglobal, user->GetIPString().c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "WARNING: maximum global connections for the {} class ({}) exceeded by {}",
+						klass->GetName(), klass->maxglobal, user->GetIPString());
 				}
 				return;
 			}
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_eline.cpp b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_eline.cpp
index 2467c3f44..92f847f56 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_eline.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_eline.cpp
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@ CmdResult CommandEline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 		{
 			if (!duration)
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent E-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent E-line on {}: {}", user->nick, target, parameters[2]);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed E-line on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-					user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed E-line on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+					user->nick, target, Duration::ToString(duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), parameters[2]);
 			}
 		}
 		else
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ CmdResult CommandEline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 
 		if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(target.c_str(), "E", reason, user))
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed E-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed E-line on {}: {}", user->nick, target, reason);
 		}
 		else
 		{
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_gline.cpp b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_gline.cpp
index 54cc506cb..4737170d3 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_gline.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_gline.cpp
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ CmdResult CommandGline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 		{
 			if (!duration)
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent G-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent G-line on {}: {}", user->nick, target, parameters[2]);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed G-line on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-					user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed G-line on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+					user->nick, target, Duration::ToString(duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), parameters[2]);
 			}
 
 			ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ CmdResult CommandGline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 
 		if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(target.c_str(), "G", reason, user))
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed G-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed G-line on {}: {}", user->nick, target, reason);
 		}
 		else
 		{
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_kline.cpp b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_kline.cpp
index ad185124f..7560557d3 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_kline.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_kline.cpp
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ CmdResult CommandKline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 		{
 			if (!duration)
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent K-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent K-line on {}: {}", user->nick, target, parameters[2]);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed K-line on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-					user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed K-line on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+					user->nick, target, Duration::ToString(duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), parameters[2]);
 			}
 
 			ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ CmdResult CommandKline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 
 		if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(target.c_str(), "K", reason, user))
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed K-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed K-line on {}: {}", user->nick, target, reason);
 		}
 		else
 		{
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_qline.cpp b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_qline.cpp
index 21713f669..cd075ea53 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_qline.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_qline.cpp
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ CmdResult CommandQline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 		{
 			if (!duration)
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent Q-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent Q-line on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], parameters[2]);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed Q-line on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-					user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed Q-line on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+					user->nick, parameters[0], Duration::ToString(duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), parameters[2]);
 			}
 			ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
 		}
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ CmdResult CommandQline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 
 		if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(parameters[0].c_str(), "Q", reason, user))
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed Q-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed Q-line on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], reason);
 		}
 		else
 		{
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_zline.cpp b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_zline.cpp
index 02f71cb7f..a4de0adc3 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_zline.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_xline/cmd_zline.cpp
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ CmdResult CommandZline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 		{
 			if (!duration)
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent Z-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), ipaddr, parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent Z-line on {}: {}", user->nick, ipaddr, parameters[2]);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed Z-line on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-					user->nick.c_str(), ipaddr, Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed Z-line on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+					user->nick, ipaddr, Duration::ToString(duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), parameters[2]);
 			}
 			ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
 		}
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ CmdResult CommandZline::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 
 		if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(target.c_str(), "Z", reason, user))
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed Z-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed Z-line on {}: {}", user->nick, target, reason);
 		}
 		else
 		{
diff --git a/src/coremods/core_xline/core_xline.cpp b/src/coremods/core_xline/core_xline.cpp
index c99eeb577..6f0617176 100644
--- a/src/coremods/core_xline/core_xline.cpp
+++ b/src/coremods/core_xline/core_xline.cpp
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ bool InsaneBan::MatchesEveryone(const std::string& mask, MatcherBase& test, User
 	if (percent > itrigger)
 	{
 		const char* article = strchr("AEIOUaeiou", bantype) ? "an" : "a";
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "\002WARNING\002: %s tried to set add %s %c-line on %s which covers %.2f%% of the network which is more than the maximum of %.2f%%!",
-			user->nick.c_str(), article, bantype, mask.c_str(), percent, itrigger);
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "\002WARNING\002: {} tried to set add {} {}-line on {} which covers {:.2}% of the network which is more than the maximum of {:.2}%!",
+			user->nick.c_str(), article, bantype, mask, percent, itrigger);
 		user->WriteNotice(INSP_FORMAT("*** Unable to add {} {}-line on {} which covers {:.2}% of the network which is more than the maximum of {:.2}%!",
 			article, bantype, mask, percent, itrigger));
 		return true;
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ public:
 		// A Q-line matched the new nick, tell opers if the user is fully connected
 		if (user->IsFullyConnected())
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('x', "Q-lined nickname %s from %s: %s",
-				newnick.c_str(), user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), xline->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('x', "Q-lined nickname {} from {}: {}",
+				newnick, user->GetFullRealHost(), xline->reason);
 		}
 
 		// Send a numeric because if we deny then the core doesn't reply anything
diff --git a/src/cull.cpp b/src/cull.cpp
index c4bb4ab84..cb1989f7c 100644
--- a/src/cull.cpp
+++ b/src/cull.cpp
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ void CullList::Apply()
 		working.swap(SQlist);
 		for (auto* u : working)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "User %s SendQ exceeds connect class maximum of %lu",
-				u->nick.c_str(), u->GetClass()->hardsendqmax);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "User {} SendQ exceeds connect class maximum of {}",
+				u->nick, u->GetClass()->hardsendqmax);
 			ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(u, "SendQ exceeded");
 		}
 		working.clear();
diff --git a/src/inspircd.cpp b/src/inspircd.cpp
index 5a15bd6da..fa5cc860f 100644
--- a/src/inspircd.cpp
+++ b/src/inspircd.cpp
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ namespace
 		time_t timediff = newtime - oldtime;
 
 		if (timediff > ServerInstance->Config->TimeSkipWarn)
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "\002Performance warning!\002 Server clock jumped forwards by %lu seconds!", timediff);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "\002Performance warning!\002 Server clock jumped forwards by {} seconds!", timediff);
 
 		else if (timediff < -ServerInstance->Config->TimeSkipWarn)
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "\002Performance warning!\002 Server clock jumped backwards by %lu seconds!", labs(timediff));
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "\002Performance warning!\002 Server clock jumped backwards by {} seconds!", labs(timediff));
 	}
 
 	// Drops to the unprivileged user/group specified in <security:runas{user,group}>.
diff --git a/src/modules/m_account.cpp b/src/modules/m_account.cpp
index a9850ba51..12e6eae8a 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_account.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_account.cpp
@@ -318,8 +318,8 @@ public:
 
 		if (!automatic)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "%s (%s) [%s] failed to log into the \x02%s\x02 oper account because they are not logged into the correct user account.",
-				user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), oper->GetName().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "{} ({}) [{}] failed to log into the \x02{}\x02 oper account because they are not logged into the correct user account.",
+				user->nick, user->MakeHost(), user->GetIPString(), oper->GetName());
 		}
 		return MOD_RES_DENY; // Account required but it does not match.
 	}
@@ -340,8 +340,8 @@ public:
 
 		if (error)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->Logs.Debug("CONNECTCLASS", "The %s connect class is not suitable as it requires the user to be logged into %s.",
-				klass->GetName().c_str(), error);
+			ServerInstance->Logs.Debug("CONNECTCLASS", "The {} connect class is not suitable as it requires the user to be logged into {}.",
+				klass->GetName(), error);
 			return MOD_RES_DENY;
 		}
 		return MOD_RES_PASSTHRU;
diff --git a/src/modules/m_blockamsg.cpp b/src/modules/m_blockamsg.cpp
index f3cbfd37a..016ede478 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_blockamsg.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_blockamsg.cpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public:
 			{
 				// Block it...
 				if (action == IBLOCK_KILLOPERS || action == IBLOCK_NOTICEOPERS)
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "%s had an /amsg or /ame blocked", user->nick.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "{} had an /amsg or /ame blocked", user->nick);
 
 				if (action == IBLOCK_KILL || action == IBLOCK_KILLOPERS)
 					ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, "Attempted to global message (/amsg or /ame)");
diff --git a/src/modules/m_cban.cpp b/src/modules/m_cban.cpp
index 74f884760..cba873525 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_cban.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_cban.cpp
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public:
 
 			if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(parameters[0].c_str(), "CBAN", reason, user))
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed CBan on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), reason.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed CBan on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], reason);
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -138,13 +138,13 @@ public:
 			{
 				if (!duration)
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent CBan on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), reason);
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent CBan on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], reason);
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed CBan on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-						user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-						InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), reason);
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed CBan on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+						user->nick, parameters[0], Duration::ToString(duration),
+						InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), reason);
 				}
 			}
 			else
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ public:
 		{
 			// Channel is banned.
 			user->WriteNumeric(ERR_BADCHANNEL, cname, INSP_FORMAT("Channel {} is CBANed: {}", cname, rl->reason));
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "%s tried to join %s which is CBANed (%s)",
-				user->nick.c_str(), cname.c_str(), rl->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "{} tried to join {} which is CBANed ({})",
+				user->nick, cname, rl->reason);
 			return MOD_RES_DENY;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_chancreate.cpp b/src/modules/m_chancreate.cpp
index cccc6c0f0..f2cf6e2db 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_chancreate.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_chancreate.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public:
 	{
 		if ((created) && (IS_LOCAL(memb->user)))
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('j', "Channel %s created by %s", memb->chan->name.c_str(), memb->user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('j', "Channel {} created by {}", memb->chan->name, memb->user->GetFullRealHost());
 		}
 	}
 };
diff --git a/src/modules/m_chgident.cpp b/src/modules/m_chgident.cpp
index dd1b8bcaf..52d409027 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_chgident.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_chgident.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public:
 			dest->ChangeIdent(parameters[1]);
 
 			if (!user->server->IsService())
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "%s used CHGIDENT to change %s's ident to '%s'", user->nick.c_str(), dest->nick.c_str(), dest->ident.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "{} used CHGIDENT to change {}'s ident to '{}'", user->nick, dest->nick, dest->ident);
 		}
 
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
diff --git a/src/modules/m_chgname.cpp b/src/modules/m_chgname.cpp
index 0c45b5202..eb8248539 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_chgname.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_chgname.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public:
 		if (IS_LOCAL(dest))
 		{
 			dest->ChangeRealName(parameters[1]);
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "%s used CHGNAME to change %s's real name to '%s\x0F'", user->nick.c_str(), dest->nick.c_str(), dest->GetRealName().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "{} used CHGNAME to change {}'s real name to '{}\x0F'", user->nick, dest->nick, dest->GetRealName());
 		}
 
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
diff --git a/src/modules/m_cloak.cpp b/src/modules/m_cloak.cpp
index 2949601c4..cc7bef81f 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_cloak.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_cloak.cpp
@@ -355,8 +355,8 @@ class ModuleCloakSHA256 final
 
 		if (methods)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "The %s hash provider was unloaded; removing %zu cloak methods until the next rehash.",
-				service.name.substr(6).c_str(), methods);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "The {} hash provider was unloaded; removing {} cloak methods until the next rehash.",
+				service.name.substr(6), methods);
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_connectban.cpp b/src/modules/m_connectban.cpp
index 1ca6e2b1a..9575b3383 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_connectban.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_connectban.cpp
@@ -154,10 +154,10 @@ public:
 					return;
 				}
 				std::string maskstr = mask.str();
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed Z-line on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-					zl->source.c_str(), maskstr.c_str(), Duration::ToString(zl->duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(zl->expiry).c_str(), zl->reason.c_str());
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Connect flooding from IP range %s (%lu)", maskstr.c_str(), threshold);
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed Z-line on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+					zl->source, maskstr, Duration::ToString(zl->duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(zl->expiry), zl->reason);
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Connect flooding from IP range {} ({})", maskstr, threshold);
 				connects.erase(i);
 				ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
 			}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_dnsbl.cpp b/src/modules/m_dnsbl.cpp
index f28c277c6..f30b1e44c 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_dnsbl.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_dnsbl.cpp
@@ -232,9 +232,9 @@ private:
 			return;
 		}
 
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed %s on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-			line->source.c_str(), type, line->Displayable().c_str(), Duration::ToString(line->duration).c_str(),
-			InspIRCd::TimeString(line->expiry).c_str(), line->reason.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed {} on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+			line->source, type, line->Displayable(), Duration::ToString(line->duration),
+			InspIRCd::TimeString(line->expiry), line->reason);
 		ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
 	}
 
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ public:
 		if (!ans_record)
 		{
 			config->stats_errors++;
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "%s returned an result with no IPv4 address.",
-				config->name.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "{} returned an result with no IPv4 address.",
+				config->name);
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ public:
 		if (inet_pton(AF_INET, ans_record->rdata.c_str(), &resultip) != 1)
 		{
 			config->stats_errors++;
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "%s returned an invalid IPv4 address: %s",
-				config->name.c_str(), ans_record->rdata.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "{} returned an invalid IPv4 address: {}",
+				config->name, ans_record->rdata);
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@ public:
 		if ((resultip.s_addr & 0xFF) != 127)
 		{
 			config->stats_errors++;
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "%s returned an IPv4 address which is outside of the 127.0.0.0/8 subnet: %s",
-				config->name.c_str(), ans_record->rdata.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "{} returned an IPv4 address which is outside of the 127.0.0.0/8 subnet: {}",
+				config->name, ans_record->rdata);
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -359,8 +359,8 @@ public:
 				}
 			}
 
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "Connecting user %s (%s) detected as being on the '%s' DNS blacklist with result %d",
-				them->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), them->GetIPString().c_str(), config->name.c_str(), result);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "Connecting user {} ({}) detected as being on the '{}' DNS blacklist with result {}",
+				them->GetFullRealHost(), them->GetIPString(), config->name, result);
 		}
 		else
 			config->stats_misses++;
@@ -393,8 +393,8 @@ public:
 		if (is_miss)
 			return;
 
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "An error occurred whilst checking whether %s (%s) is on the '%s' DNS blacklist: %s",
-			them->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), them->GetIPString().c_str(), config->name.c_str(), data.dns->GetErrorStr(q->error).c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('d', "An error occurred whilst checking whether {} ({}) is on the '{}' DNS blacklist: {}",
+			them->GetFullRealHost(), them->GetIPString(), config->name, data.dns->GetErrorStr(q->error));
 	}
 };
 
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ public:
 		else
 			return;
 
-		ServerInstance->Logs.Debug(MODNAME, "Reversed IP %s -> %s", user->GetIPString().c_str(), reversedip.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->Logs.Debug(MODNAME, "Reversed IP {} -> {}", user->GetIPString(), reversedip);
 
 		data.countext.Set(user, dnsbls.size());
 
@@ -514,8 +514,8 @@ public:
 		MarkExtItem::List* match = data.markext.Get(user);
 		if (!match)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->Logs.Debug("CONNECTCLASS", "The %s connect class is not suitable as it requires a DNSBL mark.",
-				klass->GetName().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->Logs.Debug("CONNECTCLASS", "The {} connect class is not suitable as it requires a DNSBL mark.",
+				klass->GetName());
 			return MOD_RES_DENY;
 		}
 
@@ -526,8 +526,8 @@ public:
 		}
 
 		const std::string marks = stdalgo::string::join(dnsbl);
-		ServerInstance->Logs.Debug("CONNECTCLASS", "The %s connect class is not suitable as the DNSBL marks (%s) do not match %s.",
-			klass->GetName().c_str(), marks.c_str(), dnsbl.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->Logs.Debug("CONNECTCLASS", "The {} connect class is not suitable as the DNSBL marks ({}) do not match {}.",
+			klass->GetName(), marks, dnsbl);
 		return MOD_RES_DENY;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_filter.cpp b/src/modules/m_filter.cpp
index 4248b83f9..2147657fb 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_filter.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_filter.cpp
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ CmdResult CommandFilter::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 		if (static_cast<ModuleFilter*>(me)->DeleteFilter(parameters[0], reason))
 		{
 			user->WriteNotice("*** Removed filter '" + parameters[0] + "': " + reason);
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(IS_LOCAL(user) ? 'f' : 'F', "%s removed filter '%s': %s",
-				user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(IS_LOCAL(user) ? 'f' : 'F', "{} removed filter '{}': {}",
+				user->nick, parameters[0], reason);
 			return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 		}
 		else
@@ -316,8 +316,7 @@ CmdResult CommandFilter::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 					flags, parameters[reasonindex]);
 
 				user->WriteNotice("*** Added filter " + message);
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(IS_LOCAL(user) ? 'f' : 'F',
-					"%s added filter %s", user->nick.c_str(), message.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(IS_LOCAL(user) ? 'f' : 'F', "{} added filter {}", user->nick, message);
 
 				return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 			}
@@ -420,20 +419,20 @@ ModResult ModuleFilter::OnUserPreMessage(User* user, const MessageTarget& msgtar
 
 		if (is_selfmsg && warnonselfmsg)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "WARNING: %s's self message matched %s (%s)",
-				user->nick.c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "WARNING: {}'s self message matched {} ({})",
+				user->nick, f->freeform, f->reason);
 			return MOD_RES_PASSTHRU;
 		}
 		else if (f->action == FA_WARN)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "WARNING: %s's message to %s matched %s (%s)",
-				user->nick.c_str(), msgtarget.GetName().c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "WARNING: {}'s message to {} matched {} ({})",
+				user->nick, msgtarget.GetName(), f->freeform, f->reason);
 			return MOD_RES_PASSTHRU;
 		}
 		else if (f->action == FA_BLOCK)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "%s had their message to %s filtered as it matched %s (%s)",
-				user->nick.c_str(), msgtarget.GetName().c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "{} had their message to {} filtered as it matched {} ({})",
+				user->nick, msgtarget.GetName(), f->freeform, f->reason);
 			if (notifyuser)
 			{
 				if (msgtarget.type == MessageTarget::TYPE_CHANNEL)
@@ -458,17 +457,17 @@ ModResult ModuleFilter::OnUserPreMessage(User* user, const MessageTarget& msgtar
 		}
 		else if (f->action == FA_KILL)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "%s was killed because their message to %s matched %s (%s)",
-				user->nick.c_str(), msgtarget.GetName().c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "{} was killed because their message to {} matched {} ({})",
+				user->nick, msgtarget.GetName(), f->freeform, f->reason);
 			ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, "Filtered: " + f->reason);
 		}
 		else if (f->action == FA_SHUN && (ServerInstance->XLines->GetFactory("SHUN")))
 		{
 			auto* sh = new Shun(ServerInstance->Time(), f->duration, ServerInstance->Config->ServerName, f->reason, user->GetIPString());
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "%s (%s) was shunned for %s (expires on %s) because their message to %s matched %s (%s)",
-				user->nick.c_str(), sh->Displayable().c_str(), Duration::ToString(f->duration).c_str(),
-				InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration).c_str(),
-				msgtarget.GetName().c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "{} ({}) was shunned for {} (expires on {}) because their message to {} matched {} ({})",
+				user->nick, sh->Displayable(), Duration::ToString(f->duration),
+				InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration),
+				msgtarget.GetName(), f->freeform, f->reason);
 			if (ServerInstance->XLines->AddLine(sh, nullptr))
 			{
 				ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
@@ -479,10 +478,10 @@ ModResult ModuleFilter::OnUserPreMessage(User* user, const MessageTarget& msgtar
 		else if (f->action == FA_GLINE)
 		{
 			auto* gl = new GLine(ServerInstance->Time(), f->duration, ServerInstance->Config->ServerName, f->reason, "*", user->GetIPString());
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "%s (%s) was G-lined for %s (expires on %s) because their message to %s matched %s (%s)",
-				user->nick.c_str(), gl->Displayable().c_str(), Duration::ToString(f->duration).c_str(),
-				InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration).c_str(),
-				msgtarget.GetName().c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "{} ({}) was G-lined for {} (expires on {}) because their message to {} matched {} ({})",
+				user->nick, gl->Displayable(), Duration::ToString(f->duration),
+				InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration),
+				msgtarget.GetName(), f->freeform, f->reason);
 			if (ServerInstance->XLines->AddLine(gl, nullptr))
 			{
 				ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
@@ -493,10 +492,10 @@ ModResult ModuleFilter::OnUserPreMessage(User* user, const MessageTarget& msgtar
 		else if (f->action == FA_ZLINE)
 		{
 			auto* zl = new ZLine(ServerInstance->Time(), f->duration, ServerInstance->Config->ServerName, f->reason, user->GetIPString());
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "%s (%s) was Z-lined for %s (expires on %s) because their message to %s matched %s (%s)",
-				user->nick.c_str(), zl->Displayable().c_str(), Duration::ToString(f->duration).c_str(),
-				InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration).c_str(),
-				msgtarget.GetName().c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "{} ({}) was Z-lined for {} (expires on {}) because their message to {} matched {} ({})",
+				user->nick, zl->Displayable(), Duration::ToString(f->duration),
+				InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration),
+				msgtarget.GetName(), f->freeform, f->reason);
 			if (ServerInstance->XLines->AddLine(zl, nullptr))
 			{
 				ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
@@ -570,11 +569,11 @@ ModResult ModuleFilter::OnPreCommand(std::string& command, CommandBase::Params&
 			{
 				/* Note: We G-line *@IP so that if their host doesn't resolve the G-line still applies. */
 				auto* gl = new GLine(ServerInstance->Time(), f->duration, ServerInstance->Config->ServerName, f->reason, "*", user->GetIPString());
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "%s (%s) was G-lined for %s (expires on %s) because their %s message matched %s (%s)",
-					user->nick.c_str(), gl->Displayable().c_str(),
-					Duration::ToString(f->duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration).c_str(),
-					command.c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "{} ({}) was G-lined for {} (expires on {}) because their {} message matched {} ({})",
+					user->nick, gl->Displayable(),
+					Duration::ToString(f->duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration),
+					command, f->freeform, f->reason);
 
 				if (ServerInstance->XLines->AddLine(gl, nullptr))
 				{
@@ -586,11 +585,11 @@ ModResult ModuleFilter::OnPreCommand(std::string& command, CommandBase::Params&
 			if (f->action == FA_ZLINE)
 			{
 				auto* zl = new ZLine(ServerInstance->Time(), f->duration, ServerInstance->Config->ServerName, f->reason, user->GetIPString());
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "%s (%s) was Z-lined for %s (expires on %s) because their %s message matched %s (%s)",
-					user->nick.c_str(), zl->Displayable().c_str(),
-					Duration::ToString(f->duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration).c_str(),
-					command.c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "{} ({}) was Z-lined for {} (expires on {}) because their {} message matched {} ({})",
+					user->nick, zl->Displayable(),
+					Duration::ToString(f->duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration),
+					command, f->freeform, f->reason);
 
 				if (ServerInstance->XLines->AddLine(zl, nullptr))
 				{
@@ -603,11 +602,11 @@ ModResult ModuleFilter::OnPreCommand(std::string& command, CommandBase::Params&
 			{
 				/* Note: We shun *!*@IP so that if their host doesnt resolve the shun still applies. */
 				auto* sh = new Shun(ServerInstance->Time(), f->duration, ServerInstance->Config->ServerName, f->reason, user->GetIPString());
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "%s (%s) was shunned for %s (expires on %s) because their %s message matched %s (%s)",
-					user->nick.c_str(), sh->Displayable().c_str(),
-					Duration::ToString(f->duration).c_str(),
-					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration).c_str(),
-					command.c_str(), f->freeform.c_str(), f->reason.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "{} ({}) was shunned for {} (expires on {}) because their {} message matched {} ({})",
+					user->nick, sh->Displayable(),
+					Duration::ToString(f->duration),
+					InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + f->duration),
+					command, f->freeform, f->reason);
 
 				if (ServerInstance->XLines->AddLine(sh, nullptr))
 				{
@@ -656,7 +655,7 @@ void ModuleFilter::ReadConfig(ConfigStatus& status)
 		if (newrxengine.empty())
 			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "WARNING: No regex engine loaded - Filter functionality disabled until this is corrected.");
 		else
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "WARNING: Regex engine '%s' is not loaded - Filter functionality disabled until this is corrected.", newrxengine.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('f', "WARNING: Regex engine '{}' is not loaded - Filter functionality disabled until this is corrected.", newrxengine);
 
 		initing = false;
 		FreeFilters();
@@ -948,8 +947,8 @@ bool ModuleFilter::Tick()
 		std::ofstream stream(newfilterconf.c_str());
 		if (!stream.is_open()) // Filesystem probably not writable.
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('f', "Unable to save filters to \"%s\": %s (%d)",
-					newfilterconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('f', "Unable to save filters to \"{}\": {} ({})",
+					newfilterconf, strerror(errno), errno);
 			return true;
 		}
 
@@ -976,8 +975,8 @@ bool ModuleFilter::Tick()
 
 		if (stream.fail()) // Filesystem probably not writable.
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('f', "Unable to save filters to \"%s\": %s (%d)",
-				newfilterconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('f', "Unable to save filters to \"{}\": {} ({})",
+				newfilterconf, strerror(errno), errno);
 			return true;
 		}
 		stream.close();
@@ -989,8 +988,8 @@ bool ModuleFilter::Tick()
 		// Use rename to move temporary to new db - this is guaranteed not to fuck up, even in case of a crash.
 		if (rename(newfilterconf.c_str(), filterconf.c_str()) < 0)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('f', "Unable to replace old filter config \"%s\" with \"%s\": %s (%d)",
-				filterconf.c_str(), newfilterconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('f', "Unable to replace old filter config \"{}\" with \"{}\": {} ({})",
+				filterconf, newfilterconf, strerror(errno), errno);
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_gateway.cpp b/src/modules/m_gateway.cpp
index bb6b23abe..7a6faa8a1 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_gateway.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_gateway.cpp
@@ -264,8 +264,8 @@ public:
 			irc::sockets::sockaddrs ipaddr(false);
 			if (!ipaddr.from_ip_port(parameters[3], user->client_sa.port()))
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('w', "Connecting user %s (%s) tried to use WEBIRC but gave an invalid IP address.",
-					user->uuid.c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('w', "Connecting user {} ({}) tried to use WEBIRC but gave an invalid IP address.",
+					user->uuid, user->GetIPString());
 				ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, "WEBIRC: IP address is invalid: " + parameters[3]);
 				return CmdResult::FAILURE;
 			}
@@ -275,9 +275,8 @@ public:
 			realhost.Set(user, user->GetRealHost());
 			realip.Set(user, user->GetIPString());
 
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('w', "Connecting user %s is using the %s WebIRC gateway; changing their IP from %s to %s.",
-				user->uuid.c_str(), parameters[1].c_str(),
-				user->GetIPString().c_str(), parameters[3].c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('w', "Connecting user {} is using the {} WebIRC gateway; changing their IP from {} to {}.",
+				user->uuid, parameters[1], user->GetIPString(), parameters[3]);
 
 			// If we have custom flags then deal with them.
 			WebIRC::FlagMap flags;
@@ -320,8 +319,8 @@ public:
 			return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 		}
 
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('w', "Connecting user %s (%s) tried to use WEBIRC but didn't match any configured WebIRC hosts.",
-			user->uuid.c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('w', "Connecting user {} ({}) tried to use WEBIRC but didn't match any configured WebIRC hosts.",
+			user->uuid, user->GetIPString());
 		ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, "WEBIRC: you don't match any configured WebIRC hosts.");
 		return CmdResult::FAILURE;
 	}
@@ -459,8 +458,8 @@ public:
 			cmdwebirc.realip.Set(user, user->GetIPString());
 
 			const std::string& newident = host.GetIdent();
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('w', "Connecting user %s is using an ident gateway; changing their IP from %s to %s and their ident from %s to %s.",
-				user->uuid.c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), address.addr().c_str(), user->ident.c_str(), newident.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('w', "Connecting user {} is using an ident gateway; changing their IP from {} to {} and their ident from {} to {}.",
+				user->uuid, user->GetIPString(), address.addr(), user->ident, newident);
 
 			user->ChangeIdent(newident);
 			user->ChangeRemoteAddress(address);
diff --git a/src/modules/m_globalload.cpp b/src/modules/m_globalload.cpp
index 0148792cd..0bf3ce56a 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_globalload.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_globalload.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public:
 		{
 			if (ServerInstance->Modules.Load(parameters[0]))
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "NEW MODULE '%s' GLOBALLY LOADED BY '%s'", parameters[0].c_str(), user->nick.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "NEW MODULE '{}' GLOBALLY LOADED BY '{}'", parameters[0], user->nick);
 				user->WriteRemoteNumeric(RPL_LOADEDMODULE, parameters[0], "Module successfully loaded.");
 			}
 			else
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public:
 			}
 		}
 		else
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '%s' GLOBAL LOAD BY '%s' (not loaded here)", parameters[0].c_str(), user->nick.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '{}' GLOBAL LOAD BY '{}' (not loaded here)", parameters[0], user->nick);
 
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 	}
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
 			{
 				if (ServerInstance->Modules.Unload(m))
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '%s' GLOBALLY UNLOADED BY '%s'", parameters[0].c_str(), user->nick.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '{}' GLOBALLY UNLOADED BY '{}'", parameters[0], user->nick);
 					user->WriteRemoteNumeric(RPL_UNLOADEDMODULE, parameters[0], "Module successfully unloaded.");
 				}
 				else
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public:
 				user->WriteRemoteNumeric(ERR_CANTUNLOADMODULE, parameters[0], "No such module");
 		}
 		else
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '%s' GLOBAL UNLOAD BY '%s' (not unloaded here)", parameters[0].c_str(), user->nick.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '{}' GLOBAL UNLOAD BY '{}' (not unloaded here)", parameters[0], user->nick);
 
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 	}
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public:
 			Module* m = ServerInstance->Modules.Find(parameters[0]);
 			if (m)
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '%s' GLOBALLY RELOADED BY '%s'", parameters[0].c_str(), user->nick.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '{}' GLOBALLY RELOADED BY '{}'", parameters[0], user->nick);
 				ServerInstance->Parser.CallHandler("RELOADMODULE", parameters, user);
 			}
 			else
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public:
 			}
 		}
 		else
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '%s' GLOBAL RELOAD BY '%s' (not reloaded here)", parameters[0].c_str(), user->nick.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "MODULE '{}' GLOBAL RELOAD BY '{}' (not reloaded here)", parameters[0], user->nick);
 
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 	}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_ldapauth.cpp b/src/modules/m_ldapauth.cpp
index 792925c89..073802354 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_ldapauth.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_ldapauth.cpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public:
 		if (!checkingAttributes && requiredattributes.empty())
 		{
 			if (verbose)
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Successful connection from %s (dn=%s)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), DN.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Successful connection from {} (dn={})", user->GetFullRealHost(), DN);
 
 			// We're done, there are no attributes to check
 			SetVHost(user, DN);
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public:
 				passed = true;
 
 				if (verbose)
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Successful connection from %s (dn=%s)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), DN.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Successful connection from {} (dn={})", user->GetFullRealHost(), DN);
 
 				SetVHost(user, DN);
 				authed->Set(user);
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ public:
 			catch (const LDAPException& ex)
 			{
 				if (verbose)
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Unable to compare attributes %s=%s: %s", attr.c_str(), val.c_str(), ex.GetReason().c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Unable to compare attributes {}={}: {}", attr, val, ex.GetReason());
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -179,7 +179,10 @@ public:
 		if (!attrCount)
 		{
 			if (verbose)
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Forbidden connection from %s (dn=%s) (unable to validate attributes)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), DN.c_str());
+			{
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Forbidden connection from {} (dn={}) (unable to validate attributes)",
+					user->GetFullRealHost(), DN);
+			}
 			ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, killreason);
 			delete this;
 		}
@@ -200,7 +203,10 @@ public:
 		if (user)
 		{
 			if (verbose)
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Forbidden connection from %s (%s)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), err.getError().c_str());
+			{
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Forbidden connection from {} ({})",
+					user->GetFullRealHost(), err.getError());
+			}
 			ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, killreason);
 		}
 
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ public:
 
 	void OnError(const LDAPResult& err) override
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "Error searching LDAP server: %s", err.getError().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "Error searching LDAP server: {}", err.getError());
 		auto* user = ServerInstance->Users.FindUUID(uid);
 		if (user)
 			ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, killreason);
@@ -404,7 +410,7 @@ public:
 		if (user->password.empty())
 		{
 			if (verbose)
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Forbidden connection from %s (no password provided)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Forbidden connection from {} (no password provided)", user->GetFullRealHost());
 			ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, killreason);
 			return MOD_RES_DENY;
 		}
@@ -412,7 +418,7 @@ public:
 		if (!LDAP)
 		{
 			if (verbose)
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Forbidden connection from %s (unable to find LDAP provider)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Forbidden connection from {} (unable to find LDAP provider)", user->GetFullRealHost());
 			ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, killreason);
 			return MOD_RES_DENY;
 		}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_ldapoper.cpp b/src/modules/m_ldapoper.cpp
index 8b60bba00..342fbc3f3 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_ldapoper.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_ldapoper.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public:
 
 	void OnError(const LDAPResult& err) override
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "Error searching LDAP server: %s", err.getError().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "Error searching LDAP server: {}", err.getError());
 		Fallback();
 		delete this;
 	}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_log_sql.cpp b/src/modules/m_log_sql.cpp
index 9870d18de..249a45b43 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_log_sql.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_log_sql.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public:
 
 	void OnError(const SQL::Error& error) override
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Unable to write to SQL log (query error: %s).", error.ToString());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Unable to write to SQL log (query error: {}).", error.ToString());
 	}
 };
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public:
 			if (ServerInstance->Time() - lastwarning > 300)
 			{
 				lastwarning = ServerInstance->Time();
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Unable to write to SQL log (database %s not available).", sql->GetId().c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Unable to write to SQL log (database {} not available).", sql->GetId());
 			}
 			return;
 		}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_operlevels.cpp b/src/modules/m_operlevels.cpp
index aa9efdd20..86ccddce0 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_operlevels.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_operlevels.cpp
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ public:
 			{
 				if (IS_LOCAL(source))
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Oper %s (level %lu) attempted to /KILL a higher level oper: %s (level %lu), reason: %s",
-						source->nick.c_str(), source_level, dest->nick.c_str(), dest_level, reason.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Oper {} (level {}) attempted to /KILL a higher level oper: {} (level {}), reason: {}",
+						source->nick, source_level, dest->nick, dest_level, reason);
 				}
 				dest->WriteNotice("*** Oper " + source->nick + " attempted to /KILL you!");
 				source->WriteNumeric(ERR_NOPRIVILEGES, INSP_FORMAT("Permission Denied - Oper {} is a higher level than you", dest->nick));
diff --git a/src/modules/m_permchannels.cpp b/src/modules/m_permchannels.cpp
index c9beae1f1..bd0cf63ce 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_permchannels.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_permchannels.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static bool WriteDatabase(PermChannel& permchanmode, bool save_listmodes)
 	if (!stream.is_open())
 	{
 		ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "Cannot create database \"%s\"! %s (%d)", permchannelsnewconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "database: cannot create new permchan db \"%s\": %s (%d)", permchannelsnewconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "database: cannot create new permchan db \"{}\": {} ({})", permchannelsnewconf, strerror(errno), errno);
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ static bool WriteDatabase(PermChannel& permchanmode, bool save_listmodes)
 	if (stream.fail())
 	{
 		ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "Cannot write to new database \"%s\"! %s (%d)", permchannelsnewconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "database: cannot write to new permchan db \"%s\": %s (%d)", permchannelsnewconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "database: cannot write to new permchan db \"{}\": {} ({})", permchannelsnewconf, strerror(errno), errno);
 		return false;
 	}
 	stream.close();
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ static bool WriteDatabase(PermChannel& permchanmode, bool save_listmodes)
 	if (rename(permchannelsnewconf.c_str(), permchannelsconf.c_str()) < 0)
 	{
 		ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "Cannot replace old database \"%s\" with new database \"%s\"! %s (%d)", permchannelsconf.c_str(), permchannelsnewconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "database: cannot replace old permchan db \"%s\" with new db \"%s\": %s (%d)", permchannelsconf.c_str(), permchannelsnewconf.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "database: cannot replace old permchan db \"{}\" with new db \"{}\": {} ({})", permchannelsconf, permchannelsnewconf, strerror(errno), errno);
 		return false;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_rline.cpp b/src/modules/m_rline.cpp
index 87aaea2dd..0c694208f 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_rline.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_rline.cpp
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ public:
 			{
 				if (!duration)
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent Z-line on %s: %s",
-						zl->source.c_str(), u->GetIPString().c_str(), zl->reason.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent Z-line on {}: {}",
+						zl->source, u->GetIPString(), zl->reason);
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed Z-line on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-						zl->source.c_str(), u->GetIPString().c_str(), Duration::ToString(zl->duration).c_str(),
-						InspIRCd::TimeString(zl->duration).c_str(), zl->reason.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed Z-line on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+						zl->source, u->GetIPString(), Duration::ToString(zl->duration),
+						InspIRCd::TimeString(zl->duration), zl->reason);
 				}
 				added_zline = true;
 			}
@@ -176,13 +176,13 @@ public:
 				{
 					if (!duration)
 					{
-						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent R-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent R-line on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], parameters[2]);
 					}
 					else
 					{
-						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed R-line on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-							user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-							InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed R-line on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+							user->nick, parameters[0], Duration::ToString(duration),
+							InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), parameters[2]);
 					}
 
 					ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ public:
 
 			if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(parameters[0].c_str(), "R", reason, user))
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed R-line on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), reason.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed R-line on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], reason);
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ public:
 			if (newrxengine.empty())
 				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('r', "WARNING: No regex engine loaded - R-line functionality disabled until this is corrected.");
 			else
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('r', "WARNING: Regex engine '%s' is not loaded - R-line functionality disabled until this is corrected.", newrxengine.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('r', "WARNING: Regex engine '{}' is not loaded - R-line functionality disabled until this is corrected.", newrxengine.c_str());
 
 			ServerInstance->XLines->DelAll(f.GetType());
 		}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_seenicks.cpp b/src/modules/m_seenicks.cpp
index 11c7a4685..241daa5fa 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_seenicks.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_seenicks.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public:
 
 	void OnUserPostNick(User* user, const std::string& oldnick) override
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(IS_LOCAL(user) ? 'n' : 'N', "User %s changed their nickname to %s", oldnick.c_str(), user->nick.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(IS_LOCAL(user) ? 'n' : 'N', "User {} changed their nickname to {}", oldnick, user->nick);
 	}
 };
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_setident.cpp b/src/modules/m_setident.cpp
index a7e4e669e..f6f743a22 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_setident.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_setident.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public:
 		}
 
 		user->ChangeIdent(parameters[0]);
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "%s used SETIDENT to change their ident to '%s'", user->nick.c_str(), user->ident.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "{} used SETIDENT to change their ident to '{}'", user->nick, user->ident);
 
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 	}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_setname.cpp b/src/modules/m_setname.cpp
index 9b6fe501e..0d50b3882 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_setname.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_setname.cpp
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ public:
 		}
 
 		if (notifyopers)
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "%s used SETNAME to change their real name to '%s'",
-				user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "{} used SETNAME to change their real name to '{}'",
+				user->nick, parameters[0]);
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 	}
 };
diff --git a/src/modules/m_shun.cpp b/src/modules/m_shun.cpp
index d36e06c22..20bafbadb 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_shun.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_shun.cpp
@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ public:
 
 			if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(parameters[0].c_str(), "SHUN", reason, user))
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed SHUN on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), reason.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed SHUN on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], reason);
 			}
 			else if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(target.c_str(), "SHUN", reason, user))
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed SHUN on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), reason.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed SHUN on {}: {}", user->nick, target, reason);
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ public:
 			{
 				if (!duration)
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added permanent SHUN for %s: %s",
-						user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), expr.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added permanent SHUN for {}: {}",
+						user->nick, target, expr);
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed SHUN on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-						user->nick.c_str(), target.c_str(), Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-						InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), expr.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed SHUN on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+						user->nick, target, Duration::ToString(duration),
+						InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), expr);
 				}
 			}
 			else
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/addline.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/addline.cpp
index 92598fb69..0e8e8ab2d 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/addline.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/addline.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ CmdResult CommandAddLine::Handle(User* usr, Params& params)
 
 	if (!xlf)
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s sent me an unknown ADDLINE type (%s).", setter.c_str(), params[0].c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} sent me an unknown ADDLINE type ({}).", setter, params[0]);
 		return CmdResult::FAILURE;
 	}
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ CmdResult CommandAddLine::Handle(User* usr, Params& params)
 	}
 	catch (const ModuleException& e)
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "Unable to ADDLINE type %s from %s: %s", params[0].c_str(), setter.c_str(), e.GetReason().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "Unable to ADDLINE type {} from {}: {}", params[0], setter, e.GetReason());
 		return CmdResult::FAILURE;
 	}
 	xl->SetCreateTime(ServerCommand::ExtractTS(params[3]));
@@ -58,16 +58,16 @@ CmdResult CommandAddLine::Handle(User* usr, Params& params)
 	{
 		if (xl->duration)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('X', "%s added a timed %s%s on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-				setter.c_str(), params[0].c_str(), params[0].length() == 1 ? "-line" : "",
-				params[1].c_str(), Duration::ToString(xl->duration).c_str(),
-				InspIRCd::TimeString(xl->expiry).c_str(), params[5].c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('X', "{} added a timed {}{} on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+				setter, params[0], params[0].length() == 1 ? "-line" : "",
+				params[1], Duration::ToString(xl->duration),
+				InspIRCd::TimeString(xl->expiry), params[5]);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('X', "%s added a permanent %s%s on %s: %s",
-				setter.c_str(), params[0].c_str(), params[0].length() == 1 ? "-line" : "",
-				params[1].c_str(), params[5].c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('X', "{} added a permanent {}{} on {}: {}",
+				setter, params[0], params[0].length() == 1 ? "-line" : "",
+				params[1], params[5]);
 		}
 
 		TreeServer* remoteserver = TreeServer::Get(usr);
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/capab.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/capab.cpp
index 5ae7f5ff0..a59a73a3b 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/capab.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/capab.cpp
@@ -528,9 +528,9 @@ bool TreeSocket::Capab(const CommandBase::Params& params)
 					if (Utils->AllowOptCommon)
 					{
 						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l',
-							"ExtBan lists do not match, some bans/exemptions may not work globally.%s%s%s%s",
-							missing_here.length() ? " Not loaded here:" : "", missing_here.c_str(),
-							missing_there.length() ? " Not loaded there:" : "", missing_there.c_str());
+							"ExtBan lists do not match, some bans/exemptions may not work globally.{}{}{}{}",
+							missing_here.length() ? " Not loaded here:" : "", missing_here,
+							missing_there.length() ? " Not loaded there:" : "", missing_there);
 					}
 					else
 					{
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/delline.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/delline.cpp
index 5de195ed8..d1ec8ac7f 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/delline.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/delline.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ CmdResult CommandDelLine::Handle(User* user, Params& params)
 	// XLineManager::DelLine() returns true if the xline existed, false if it didn't
 	if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(params[1].c_str(), params[0], reason, user))
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('X', "%s removed %s%s on %s: %s", setter.c_str(),
-				params[0].c_str(), params[0].length() == 1 ? "-line" : "", params[1].c_str(), reason.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('X', "{} removed {}{} on {}: {}", setter,
+			params[0], params[0].length() == 1 ? "-line" : "", params[1], reason);
 		return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 	}
 	return CmdResult::FAILURE;
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/hmac.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/hmac.cpp
index 2539a4f05..ce4e02e5c 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/hmac.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/hmac.cpp
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ bool TreeSocket::ComparePass(const Link& link, const std::string& theirs)
 		/* Require fingerprint to exist and match */
 		if (link.Fingerprint != fp)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Invalid TLS certificate fingerprint on link %s: need \"%s\" got \"%s\"",
-				link.Name.c_str(), link.Fingerprint.c_str(), fp.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Invalid TLS certificate fingerprint on link {}: need \"{}\" got \"{}\"",
+				link.Name, link.Fingerprint, fp);
 			SendError("Invalid TLS certificate fingerprint " + fp + " - expected " + link.Fingerprint);
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ bool TreeSocket::ComparePass(const Link& link, const std::string& theirs)
 	// this time
 	if ((!capab->auth_fingerprint) && (!fp.empty()))
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "TLS certificate fingerprint for link %s is \"%s\". "
-			"You can improve security by specifying this in <link:fingerprint>.", link.Name.c_str(), fp.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "TLS certificate fingerprint for link {} is \"{}\". "
+			"You can improve security by specifying this in <link:fingerprint>.", link.Name, fp);
 	}
 
 	return true;
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/main.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/main.cpp
index 833e633df..76aed1476 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/main.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/main.cpp
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ void ModuleSpanningTree::ConnectServer(const std::shared_ptr<Autoconnect>& a, bo
 		std::shared_ptr<Link> x = Utils->FindLink(a->servers[a->position]);
 		if (x)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "AUTOCONNECT: Auto-connecting server \002%s\002", x->Name.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "AUTOCONNECT: Auto-connecting server \002{}\002", x->Name);
 			ConnectServer(x, a);
 			return;
 		}
@@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ void ModuleSpanningTree::ConnectServer(const std::shared_ptr<Link>& x, const std
 		{
 			// We don't use the family() != AF_UNSPEC check below for UNIX sockets as
 			// that results in a DNS lookup.
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002%s\002: %s is not a UNIX socket!",
-				x->Name.c_str(), x->IPAddr.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002{}\002: {} is not a UNIX socket!",
+				x->Name, x->IPAddr);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ void ModuleSpanningTree::ConnectServer(const std::shared_ptr<Link>& x, const std
 		auto* newsocket = new TreeSocket(x, y, sa);
 		if (!newsocket->HasFd())
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002%s\002: %s.",
-				x->Name.c_str(), newsocket->GetError().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002{}\002: {}.",
+				x->Name, newsocket->GetError());
 			ServerInstance->GlobalCulls.AddItem(newsocket);
 		}
 	}
 	else if (!DNS)
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002%s\002: Hostname given and core_dns is not loaded, unable to resolve.", x->Name.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002{}\002: Hostname given and core_dns is not loaded, unable to resolve.", x->Name);
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ void ModuleSpanningTree::ConnectServer(const std::shared_ptr<Link>& x, const std
 		catch (const DNS::Exception& e)
 		{
 			delete snr;
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002%s\002: %s.", x->Name.c_str(), e.GetReason().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002{}\002: {}.", x->Name, e.GetReason());
 			ConnectServer(y, false);
 		}
 	}
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ void ModuleSpanningTree::DoConnectTimeout(time_t curtime)
 		}
 		else if (curtime > s->age + (time_t)p.second)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002%s\002 (timeout of %u seconds)", p.first.c_str(), p.second);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002{}\002 (timeout of {} seconds)", p.first, p.second);
 			Utils->timeoutlist.erase(me);
 			s->Close();
 		}
@@ -610,8 +610,8 @@ void ModuleSpanningTree::OnUserQuit(User* user, const std::string& reason, const
 		bool hide = (((server->IsDead()) && (Utils->quiet_bursts)) || (server->IsSilentService()));
 		if (!hide)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('Q', "Client exiting on server %s: %s (%s) [%s]",
-				user->server->GetName().c_str(), user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), oper_message.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('Q', "Client exiting on server {}: {} ({}) [{}]", user->server->GetName(),
+				user->GetFullRealHost(), user->GetIPString(), oper_message);
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/netburst.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/netburst.cpp
index 9e9d66bb7..3f4d2defe 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/netburst.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/netburst.cpp
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ struct TreeSocket::BurstState final
  */
 void TreeSocket::DoBurst(TreeServer* s)
 {
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Bursting to \002%s\002 (Authentication: %s%s).",
-		s->GetName().c_str(),
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Bursting to \002{}\002 (Authentication: {}{}).",
+		s->GetName(),
 		capab->auth_fingerprint ? "TLS certificate fingerprint and " : "",
 		capab->auth_challenge ? "challenge-response" : "plaintext password");
 	this->CleanNegotiationInfo();
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/opertype.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/opertype.cpp
index 36fedb94d..74892d4b3 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/opertype.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/opertype.cpp
@@ -109,9 +109,8 @@ CmdResult CommandOpertype::HandleRemote(RemoteUser* u, CommandBase::Params& para
 			u->oper->GetName().c_str());
 	}
 
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('O', "From %s: %s (%s) [%s] is now a server operator of type \x02%s\x02%s.",
-		u->server->GetName().c_str(), u->nick.c_str(), u->MakeHost().c_str(), u->GetIPString().c_str(),
-		u->oper->GetType().c_str(), extra.c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('O', "From {}: {} ({}) [{}] is now a server operator of type \x02{}\x02{}.",
+		u->server->GetName(), u->nick, u->MakeHost(), u->GetIPString(), u->oper->GetType(), extra);
 	return CmdResult::SUCCESS;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/override_squit.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/override_squit.cpp
index 82644d3c0..95bd2fea3 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/override_squit.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/override_squit.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ModResult ModuleSpanningTree::HandleSquit(const CommandBase::Params& parameters,
 
 		if (s->IsLocal())
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "SQUIT: Server \002%s\002 removed from network by %s", parameters[0].c_str(), user->nick.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "SQUIT: Server \002{}\002 removed from network by {}", parameters[0], user->nick);
 			s->SQuit("Server quit by " + user->GetFullRealHost());
 		}
 		else
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/pingtimer.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/pingtimer.cpp
index d42295eb7..6e2d498d5 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/pingtimer.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/pingtimer.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PingTimer::State PingTimer::TickInternal()
 	else if (state == PS_WARN)
 	{
 		// No pong arrived in PingWarnTime seconds, send a warning to opers
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Server \002%s\002 has not responded to PING for %lu seconds, high latency.", server->GetName().c_str(), GetInterval());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Server \002{}\002 has not responded to PING for {} seconds, high latency.", server->GetName(), GetInterval());
 		return PS_TIMEOUT;
 	}
 	else // PS_TIMEOUT
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/pong.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/pong.cpp
index d3fc09634..7d137eef9 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/pong.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/pong.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ CmdResult CommandPong::HandleServer(TreeServer* server, CommandBase::Params& par
 {
 	if (server->IsBursting())
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Server \002%s\002 has not finished burst, forcing end of burst (send ENDBURST!)", server->GetName().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Server \002{}\002 has not finished burst, forcing end of burst (send ENDBURST!)", server->GetName());
 		server->FinishBurst();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/rconnect.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/rconnect.cpp
index e8e145f25..7991f8924 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/rconnect.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/rconnect.cpp
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ CmdResult CommandRConnect::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 	if (InspIRCd::Match(ServerInstance->Config->ServerName, parameters[0]))
 	{
 		/* Yes, initiate the given connect */
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Remote CONNECT from %s matching \002%s\002, connecting server \002%s\002",
-			user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), parameters[1].c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Remote CONNECT from {} matching \002{}\002, connecting server \002{}\002",
+			user->nick, parameters[0], parameters[1]);
 		CommandBase::Params para;
 		para.push_back(parameters[1]);
 		((ModuleSpanningTree*)(Module*)creator)->HandleConnect(para, user);
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/resolvers.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/resolvers.cpp
index e6dd2a54a..8bf2ab0f6 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/resolvers.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/resolvers.cpp
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ void ServerNameResolver::OnLookupComplete(const DNS::Query* r)
 		if (!newsocket->HasFd())
 		{
 			/* Something barfed, show the opers */
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002%s\002: %s.",
-				link->Name.c_str(), newsocket->GetError().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002{}\002: {}.",
+				link->Name, newsocket->GetError());
 			ServerInstance->GlobalCulls.AddItem(newsocket);
 		}
 	}
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ void ServerNameResolver::OnError(const DNS::Query* r)
 		}
 	}
 
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002%s\002: Unable to resolve hostname - %s",
-		link->Name.c_str(), this->manager->GetErrorStr(r->error).c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "CONNECT: Error connecting \002{}\002: Unable to resolve hostname - {}",
+		link->Name, this->manager->GetErrorStr(r->error));
 	Utils->Creator->ConnectServer(autoconnect, false);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/rsquit.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/rsquit.cpp
index d938a6225..d57510bb0 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/rsquit.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/rsquit.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ CmdResult CommandRSQuit::Handle(User* user, const Params& parameters)
 	{
 		// We have been asked to remove server_target.
 		const char* reason = parameters.size() == 2 ? parameters[1].c_str() : "No reason";
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "RSQUIT: Server \002%s\002 removed from network by %s (%s)", parameters[0].c_str(), user->nick.c_str(), reason);
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "RSQUIT: Server \002{}\002 removed from network by {} ({})", parameters[0], user->nick, reason);
 		server_target->SQuit("Server quit by " + user->GetFullRealHost() + " (" + reason + ")");
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/server.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/server.cpp
index 162fd92ee..ab5111622 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/server.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/server.cpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Link> TreeSocket::AuthRemote(const CommandBase::Params& params)
 
 		if (!ComparePass(*x, password))
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Invalid password on link: %s", x->Name.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Invalid password on link: {}", x->Name);
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Link> TreeSocket::AuthRemote(const CommandBase::Params& params)
 		{
 			std::string ciphersuite;
 			ssliohook->GetCiphersuite(ciphersuite);
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Negotiated ciphersuite %s on link %s", ciphersuite.c_str(), x->Name.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Negotiated ciphersuite {} on link {}", ciphersuite, x->Name);
 		}
 		else if (!capab->remotesa.is_local())
 		{
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treeserver.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treeserver.cpp
index ed84ca70f..75e857ba6 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treeserver.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treeserver.cpp
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ void TreeServer::FinishBurst()
 	ServerInstance->XLines->ApplyLines();
 	uint64_t ts = ServerInstance->Time() * 1000 + (ServerInstance->Time_ns() / 1000000);
 	unsigned long bursttime = ts - this->StartBurst;
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(Parent == Utils->TreeRoot ? 'l' : 'L', "Received end of netburst from \002%s\002 (burst time: %lu %s)",
-		GetName().c_str(), (bursttime > 10000 ? bursttime / 1000 : bursttime), (bursttime > 10000 ? "secs" : "msecs"));
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(Parent == Utils->TreeRoot ? 'l' : 'L', "Received end of netburst from \002{}\002 (burst time: {} {})",
+		GetName(), (bursttime > 10000 ? bursttime / 1000 : bursttime), (bursttime > 10000 ? "secs" : "msecs"));
 	Utils->Creator->linkeventprov.Call(&ServerProtocol::LinkEventListener::OnServerBurst, this);
 
 	StartBurst = 0;
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ void TreeServer::SQuitChild(TreeServer* server, const std::string& reason, bool
 	const std::string quitreason = GetName() + " " + server->GetName();
 	size_t num_lost_users = QuitUsers(quitreason);
 
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(IsRoot() ? 'l' : 'L', "Netsplit complete, lost \002%zu\002 user%s on \002%u\002 server%s.",
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask(IsRoot() ? 'l' : 'L', "Netsplit complete, lost \002{}\002 user{} on \002{}\002 server{}.",
 		num_lost_users, num_lost_users != 1 ? "s" : "", num_lost_servers, num_lost_servers != 1 ? "s" : "");
 
 	// No-op if the socket is already closed (i.e. it called us)
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treesocket1.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treesocket1.cpp
index 2da154642..68caaa722 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treesocket1.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treesocket1.cpp
@@ -136,16 +136,16 @@ void TreeSocket::OnConnected()
 			static_cast<IOHookProvider*>(prov)->OnConnect(this);
 		}
 
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Connection to \002%s\002[%s] started.", linkID.c_str(),
-			(capab->link->HiddenFromStats ? "<hidden>" : capab->link->IPAddr.c_str()));
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Connection to \002{}\002[{}] started.", linkID,
+			(capab->link->HiddenFromStats ? "<hidden>" : capab->link->IPAddr));
 		this->SendCapabilities(1);
 	}
 }
 
 void TreeSocket::OnError(BufferedSocketError e)
 {
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Connection to '\002%s\002' failed with error: %s",
-		linkID.c_str(), GetError().c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Connection to '\002{}\002' failed with error: {}",
+		linkID, GetError());
 	LinkState = DYING;
 	Close();
 }
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ static std::string newline("\n");
 
 void TreeSocket::WriteLineInternal(const std::string& line)
 {
-	ServerInstance->Logs.RawIO(MODNAME, "S[%d] O %s", this->GetFd(), line.c_str());
+	ServerInstance->Logs.RawIO(MODNAME, "S[{}] O {}", GetFd(), line);
 	this->WriteData(line);
 	this->WriteData(newline);
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treesocket2.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treesocket2.cpp
index 4c4e71fbd..5290bf498 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treesocket2.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/treesocket2.cpp
@@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ void TreeSocket::ProcessLine(std::string& line)
 					time_t delta = them - ServerInstance->Time();
 					if ((delta < -15) || (delta > 15))
 					{
-						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "\002ERROR\002: Your clocks are off by %ld seconds (this is more than fifteen seconds). Link aborted, \002PLEASE SYNC YOUR CLOCKS!\002", labs((long)delta));
+						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "\002ERROR\002: Your clocks are off by {} seconds (this is more than fifteen seconds). Link aborted, \002PLEASE SYNC YOUR CLOCKS!\002", labs((long)delta));
 						SendError("Your clocks are out by "+ConvToStr(labs((long)delta))+" seconds (this is more than fifteen seconds). Link aborted, PLEASE SYNC YOUR CLOCKS!");
 						return;
 					}
 					else if ((delta < -5) || (delta > 5))
 					{
-						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "\002WARNING\002: Your clocks are off by %ld seconds. Please consider syncing your clocks.", labs((long)delta));
+						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "\002WARNING\002: Your clocks are off by {} seconds. Please consider syncing your clocks.", labs((long)delta));
 					}
 				}
 
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ void TreeSocket::ProcessConnectedLine(std::string& taglist, std::string& prefix,
 
 void TreeSocket::OnTimeout()
 {
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "CONNECT: Connection to \002%s\002 timed out.", linkID.c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "CONNECT: Connection to \002{}\002 timed out.", linkID);
 }
 
 void TreeSocket::Close()
@@ -413,13 +413,13 @@ void TreeSocket::Close()
 	if (MyRoot && !MyRoot->IsDead())
 		MyRoot->SQuit(GetError(), true);
 	else
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Connection to '\002%s\002' failed.", linkID.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Connection to '\002{}\002' failed.", linkID);
 
 	time_t server_uptime = ServerInstance->Time() - this->age;
 	if (server_uptime)
 	{
 		std::string timestr = Duration::ToString(server_uptime);
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Connection to '\002%s\002' was established for %s", linkID.c_str(), timestr.c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('l', "Connection to '\002{}\002' was established for {}", linkID, timestr);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/uid.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/uid.cpp
index e5e534d8c..96dfa9fff 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/uid.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/uid.cpp
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ CmdResult CommandUID::HandleServer(TreeServer* remoteserver, CommandBase::Params
 
 	if (dosend)
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('C', "Client connecting at %s: %s (%s) [%s\x0F]", remoteserver->GetName().c_str(),
-			_new->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), _new->GetIPString().c_str(), _new->GetRealName().c_str());
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('C', "Client connecting at {}: {} ({}) [{}\x0F]", remoteserver->GetName(),
+			_new->GetFullRealHost(), _new->GetIPString(), _new->GetRealName());
 	}
 
 	FOREACH_MOD(OnPostConnect, (_new));
diff --git a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/utils.cpp b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/utils.cpp
index 42a331ab6..3a0ec1cfc 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_spanningtree/utils.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_spanningtree/utils.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ ModResult ModuleSpanningTree::OnAcceptConnection(int newsock, ListenSocket* from
 			return MOD_RES_ALLOW;
 		}
 	}
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Server connection from %s denied (no link blocks with that IP address)", incomingip.c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('l', "Server connection from {} denied (no link blocks with that IP address)", incomingip);
 	return MOD_RES_DENY;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_sqlauth.cpp b/src/modules/m_sqlauth.cpp
index d18617d46..3692c0373 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_sqlauth.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_sqlauth.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public:
 				if (!hashprov)
 				{
 					if (verbose)
-						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from %s (a provider for %s was not loaded)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), kdf.c_str());
+						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from {} (a provider for {} was not loaded)", user->GetFullRealHost(), kdf);
 					pendingExt.Set(user, AUTH_STATE_FAIL);
 					return;
 				}
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public:
 				if (!pwcolumn.empty() && !res.HasColumn(pwcolumn, colindex))
 				{
 					if (verbose)
-						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from %s (the column specified (%s) was not returned)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), pwcolumn.c_str());
+						ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from {} (the column specified ({}) was not returned)", user->GetFullRealHost(), pwcolumn);
 					pendingExt.Set(user, AUTH_STATE_FAIL);
 					return;
 				}
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public:
 				}
 
 				if (verbose)
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from %s (password from the SQL query did not match the user provided password)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from {} (password from the SQL query did not match the user provided password)", user->GetFullRealHost());
 				pendingExt.Set(user, AUTH_STATE_FAIL);
 				return;
 			}
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public:
 		else
 		{
 			if (verbose)
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from %s (SQL query returned no matches)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from {} (SQL query returned no matches)", user->GetFullRealHost());
 			pendingExt.Set(user, AUTH_STATE_FAIL);
 		}
 	}
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public:
 			return;
 		pendingExt.Set(user, AUTH_STATE_FAIL);
 		if (verbose)
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from %s (SQL query failed: %s)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(), error.ToString());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from {} (SQL query failed: {})", user->GetFullRealHost(), error.ToString());
 	}
 };
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ public:
 
 		if (!SQL)
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from %s (SQL database not present)", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "Forbidden connection from {} (SQL database not present)", user->GetFullRealHost());
 			ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, killreason);
 			return MOD_RES_PASSTHRU;
 		}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_sqloper.cpp b/src/modules/m_sqloper.cpp
index 526a9bd11..013e8d88e 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_sqloper.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_sqloper.cpp
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public:
 			if (tblk == ServerInstance->Config->OperTypes.end())
 			{
 				ServerInstance->Logs.Warning(MODNAME, "Sqloper block " + name + " has missing type " + type);
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "m_sqloper: Oper block %s has missing type %s", name.c_str(), type.c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "m_sqloper: Oper block {} has missing type {}", name, type);
 				continue;
 			}
 
diff --git a/src/modules/m_sslinfo.cpp b/src/modules/m_sslinfo.cpp
index 4b9817c23..7b60dedfe 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_sslinfo.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_sslinfo.cpp
@@ -341,8 +341,8 @@ public:
 		{
 			if (!automatic)
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "%s (%s) [%s] failed to log into the \x02%s\x02 oper account because they are not connected using TLS.",
-					user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), oper->GetName().c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "{} ({}) [{}] failed to log into the \x02{}\x02 oper account because they are not connected using TLS.",
+					user->nick, user->MakeHost(), user->GetIPString(), oper->GetName());
 			}
 			return MOD_RES_DENY;
 		}
@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@ public:
 		{
 			if (!automatic)
 			{
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "%s (%s) [%s] failed to log into the \x02%s\x02 oper account because they are not using the correct TLS client certificate.",
-					user->nick.c_str(), user->MakeHost().c_str(), user->GetIPString().c_str(), oper->GetName().c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('o', "{} ({}) [{}] failed to log into the \x02{}\x02 oper account because they are not using the correct TLS client certificate.",
+					user->nick, user->MakeHost(), user->GetIPString(), oper->GetName());
 			}
 			return MOD_RES_DENY;
 		}
diff --git a/src/modules/m_svshold.cpp b/src/modules/m_svshold.cpp
index 291ded353..aa85bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_svshold.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_svshold.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public:
 			if (ServerInstance->XLines->DelLine(parameters[0].c_str(), "SVSHOLD", reason, user))
 			{
 				if (!silent)
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s removed SVSHOLD on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), reason.c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} removed SVSHOLD on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], reason);
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -150,13 +150,13 @@ public:
 
 				if (!duration)
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a permanent SVSHOLD on %s: %s", user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a permanent SVSHOLD on {}: {}", user->nick, parameters[0], parameters[2]);
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "%s added a timed SVSHOLD on %s, expires in %s (on %s): %s",
-						user->nick.c_str(), parameters[0].c_str(), Duration::ToString(duration).c_str(),
-						InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration).c_str(), parameters[2].c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "{} added a timed SVSHOLD on {}, expires in {} (on {}): {}",
+						user->nick, parameters[0], Duration::ToString(duration),
+						InspIRCd::TimeString(ServerInstance->Time() + duration), parameters[2]);
 				}
 			}
 			else
diff --git a/src/modules/m_swhois.cpp b/src/modules/m_swhois.cpp
index 1b54ace49..52524ea7d 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_swhois.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_swhois.cpp
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ public:
 			// We already had it set...
 			if (!user->server->IsService())
 				// Ulines set SWHOISes silently
-				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "%s used SWHOIS to set %s's extra whois from '%s' to '%s'", user->nick.c_str(), dest->nick.c_str(), text->c_str(), parameters[1].c_str());
+				ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "{} used SWHOIS to set {}'s extra whois from '{}' to '{}'", user->nick, dest->nick, *text, parameters[1]);
 		}
 		else if (!user->server->IsService())
 		{
 			// Ulines set SWHOISes silently
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "%s used SWHOIS to set %s's extra whois to '%s'", user->nick.c_str(), dest->nick.c_str(), parameters[1].c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteGlobalSno('a', "{} used SWHOIS to set {}'s extra whois to '{}'", user->nick, dest->nick, parameters[1]);
 		}
 
 		operblock.Unset(user);
diff --git a/src/modules/m_xline_db.cpp b/src/modules/m_xline_db.cpp
index ecdc0293e..4b5d0f723 100644
--- a/src/modules/m_xline_db.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/m_xline_db.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public:
 		if (!stream.is_open())
 		{
 			ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "Cannot create database \"%s\"! %s (%d)", xlinenewdbpath.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: cannot create new xline db \"%s\": %s (%d)", xlinenewdbpath.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: cannot create new xline db \"{}\": {} ({})", xlinenewdbpath, strerror(errno), errno);
 			return false;
 		}
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ public:
 		if (stream.fail())
 		{
 			ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "Cannot write to new database \"%s\"! %s (%d)", xlinenewdbpath.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: cannot write to new xline db \"%s\": %s (%d)", xlinenewdbpath.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: cannot write to new xline db \"{}\": {} ({})", xlinenewdbpath, strerror(errno), errno);
 			return false;
 		}
 		stream.close();
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ public:
 		if (rename(xlinenewdbpath.c_str(), xlinedbpath.c_str()) < 0)
 		{
 			ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "Cannot replace old database \"%s\" with new database \"%s\"! %s (%d)", xlinedbpath.c_str(), xlinenewdbpath.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: cannot replace old xline db \"%s\" with new db \"%s\": %s (%d)", xlinedbpath.c_str(), xlinenewdbpath.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: cannot replace old xline db \"{}\" with new db \"{}\": {} ({})", xlinedbpath, xlinenewdbpath, strerror(errno), errno);
 			return false;
 		}
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ public:
 		if (!stream.is_open())
 		{
 			ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "Cannot read database \"%s\"! %s (%d)", xlinedbpath.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: cannot read xline db \"%s\": %s (%d)", xlinedbpath.c_str(), strerror(errno), errno);
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: cannot read xline db \"{}\": {} ({})", xlinedbpath, strerror(errno), errno);
 			return false;
 		}
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public:
 				{
 					stream.close();
 					ServerInstance->Logs.Error(MODNAME, "I got database version %s - I don't understand it", command_p[1].c_str());
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: I got a database version (%s) I don't understand", command_p[1].c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: I got a database version ({}) I don't understand", command_p[1]);
 					return false;
 				}
 			}
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ public:
 
 				if (!xlf)
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: Unknown line type (%s).", command_p[1].c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: Unknown line type ({}).", command_p[1]);
 					continue;
 				}
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ public:
 
 				if (ServerInstance->XLines->AddLine(xl, nullptr))
 				{
-					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: Added a line of type %s", command_p[1].c_str());
+					ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "database: Added a line of type {}", command_p[1]);
 				}
 				else
 					delete xl;
diff --git a/src/usermanager.cpp b/src/usermanager.cpp
index 2977d20e7..43dc163fb 100644
--- a/src/usermanager.cpp
+++ b/src/usermanager.cpp
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ void UserManager::AddUser(int socket, ListenSocket* via, const irc::sockets::soc
 
 	if (this->local_users.size() > ServerInstance->Config->SoftLimit)
 	{
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "Warning: softlimit value has been reached: %lu clients", ServerInstance->Config->SoftLimit);
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "Warning: softlimit value has been reached: {} clients", ServerInstance->Config->SoftLimit);
 		this->QuitUser(New, "No more connections allowed");
 		return;
 	}
@@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ void UserManager::QuitUser(User* user, const std::string& quitmessage, const std
 
 		if (lu->IsFullyConnected())
 		{
-			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('q', "Client exiting: %s (%s) [%s]", user->GetFullRealHost().c_str(),
-				user->GetIPString().c_str(), operquitmsg.c_str());
+			ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('q', "Client exiting: {} ({}) [{}]", user->GetFullRealHost(),
+				user->GetIPString(), operquitmsg);
 		}
 		local_users.erase(lu);
 		if (lu->GetClass())
diff --git a/src/users.cpp b/src/users.cpp
index 7ea98a2fd..7a92403ef 100644
--- a/src/users.cpp
+++ b/src/users.cpp
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ void UserIOHandler::OnDataReady()
 	if (recvq.length() > user->GetClass()->recvqmax && !user->HasPrivPermission("users/flood/increased-buffers"))
 	{
 		ServerInstance->Users.QuitUser(user, "RecvQ exceeded");
-		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "User %s RecvQ of %zu exceeds connect class maximum of %lu",
-			user->nick.c_str(), recvq.length(), user->GetClass()->recvqmax);
+		ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('a', "User {} RecvQ of {} exceeds connect class maximum of {}",
+			user->nick, recvq.length(), user->GetClass()->recvqmax);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -430,9 +430,9 @@ void LocalUser::FullConnect()
 
 	FOREACH_MOD(OnPostConnect, (this));
 
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Client connecting on port %hu (class %s): %s (%s) [%s\x0F]",
-		this->server_sa.port(), this->GetClass()->name.c_str(), GetFullRealHost().c_str(),
-		this->GetIPString().c_str(), this->GetRealName().c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('c', "Client connecting on port {} (class {}): {} ({}) [{}\x0F]",
+		server_sa.port(), GetClass()->GetName(), GetFullRealHost(), GetIPString(), GetRealName());
+
 	ServerInstance->Logs.Debug("BANCACHE", "BanCache: Adding NEGATIVE hit for " + this->GetIPString());
 	ServerInstance->BanCache.AddHit(this->GetIPString(), "", "");
 	// reset the flood penalty (which could have been raised due to things like auto +x)
diff --git a/src/xline.cpp b/src/xline.cpp
index 9b9214c7d..10ca2b95f 100644
--- a/src/xline.cpp
+++ b/src/xline.cpp
@@ -705,8 +705,9 @@ void ELine::OnAdd()
 void XLine::DisplayExpiry()
 {
 	bool onechar = (type.length() == 1);
-	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "Removing an expired %s%s on %s (set by %s %s ago): %s",
-		type.c_str(), (onechar ? "-line" : ""), Displayable().c_str(), source.c_str(), Duration::ToString(ServerInstance->Time() - set_time).c_str(), reason.c_str());
+	ServerInstance->SNO.WriteToSnoMask('x', "Removing an expired {}{} on {} (set by {} {} ago): {}",
+		type, (onechar ? "-line" : ""), Displayable(), source,
+		Duration::ToString(ServerInstance->Time() - set_time), reason);
 }
 
 const std::string& ELine::Displayable()